What defines a "short circuit"?

A short circuit is defined by a path of low resistance that allows electricity to flow through an unintended route. This typically occurs when there is a fault in the circuit that bypasses the normal load or resistance, leading to a sudden increase in current. Because the current takes the path of least resistance, it can cause overheating, equipment damage, or even fire hazards.

Understanding this aspect is crucial for recognizing safety protocols and preventive measures in electrical systems. When a fault creates a low-resistance path, it can significantly increase the current flow beyond the system's designed capacity, potentially leading to failure or serious safety issues. Thus, the defining characteristic of a short circuit is indeed the low resistance that facilitates the excessive current flow.